Lead-acid baterías, Como una rama importante de la tecnología tradicional de almacenamiento de energía, requiere la certificación de calificación adecuada y el cumplimiento de los estándares de producción para garantizar la seguridad del producto, fiabilidad, y acceso al mercado. We will analyze the Certificación de baterías ácidas con plomo, differences in production standards, Métodos para determinar el cumplimiento, y ejemplos del mundo real, explorar profundamente las preocupaciones de los usuarios y proporcionar soluciones.
1. Qualification Certification System: Requirements in Major Global Markets
Porcelana
Mandatory Certification:
- GB 44240-2024: China’s first mandatory national standard for lithium battery safety in energy storage applications (also applicable to lead-acid battery storage scenarios). It covers cell vibration, needle penetration, and forced discharge tests, taking effect on August 1, 2025.
Voluntary Certification:
- CQC Certification: Issued by the China Quality Certification Center, covering standards like GB/T 19638 (for stationary valve-regulated lead-acid batteries) y GB/T 5008 (for starter lead-acid batteries).
Green Product Evaluation:
- GB/T 42391-2023 (“Green Product Evaluation Specifications – Lead-Acid Batteries”): Focuses on environmental indicators and full lifecycle pollution control to promote green industry transformation.
International Certifications
IEC Standards:
- IEC 60896 (stationary valve-regulated batteries)
- IEC 60095 (starter batteries)
These are internationally recognized standards covering performance and safety testing.
United States:
- Ul 1989 (backup battery safety standard)
- Ul 1778 (UPS system standard)
These focus on explosion prevention and thermal runaway protection.
Europa:
- EN 61056 (general battery pack specifications)
- EN 60254 (traction battery standards)
Compliance with CE certification is required, emphasizing environmental protection and recycling.
Japan and South Korea:
- JIS C 8702 (Japanese Industrial Standard)
- KC 62619 (Korean energy storage battery safety certification)
These require high-temperature stability and long cycle life.
Other Regions:
- India: BIS certification (ES 1651 estándar), ensuring battery capacity and high-temperature endurance.
- Southeast Asia: Mostly follows IEC standards, with some local adaptations (P.EJ., Thailand’s TISI certification).
2. Manufacturer Qualification Requirements and Compliance Verification
Core Certifications:
- Quality Management System: ISO 9001 is the basic requirement; some manufacturers need IATF 16949 (automotive industry standard).
- Environmental Permits: Compliance with China’s “Lead-Acid Battery Industry Access Conditions” o EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) pollution control requirements.
- Product Certification: CQC (Porcelana), Ul (U.S.), Ceñudo (Europa), issued by recognized institutions like Beijing Jianheng Certification Center, TÜV Rheinland, etc..
How to Verify Compliance
- Certification Authority Authenticity: Por ejemplo, UL certification must be tested by Underwriters Laboratories, y CE certification must be approved by an EU Notified Body.
- Public Verification Platforms: In China, el National Standard Information Public Service Platform allows verification of GB standard compliance.
- Supply Chain Transparency: Reputable companies disclose material suppliers (P.EJ., electrolyte meeting GB/T 42391-2023 standards).
3. Production Standard Differences and Product Performance
China’s GB Standards:
- GB/T 19638: Para stationary valve-regulated batteries, focusing on cycle life (≥350 cycles) and explosion protection.
- GB/T 5008: Para starter batteries, emphasizing cold start performance (current output at -18°C).
International Comparisons:
- IEC 60896 vs. Ul 1989: IEC focuses on long-term float charge life, while UL prioritizes short-circuit protection and thermal runaway testing.
- EN 61056 vs. JIS C 8702: European standards emphasize recycling and environmental protection, while Japan’s standard strictly limits electrolyte leakage risks.
Impact of Standards on Product Performance:
- High-Temperature Adaptability: IEC 60254-compliant traction batteries operate stably at 55°C, suitable for tropical regions.
- Densidad de energía: U.S. UL-certified batteries optimize space utilization (P.EJ., AGM technology), while China’s GB standards prioritize seguridad.
4. Case Studies and Market Trends
- Envision Energy: Expected to receive China’s first GB 44240 certification en 2025. Their energy storage batteries pass 200+ global tests al otro lado de Ul, IEC, KC, and other standards, ranking among the top three in global shipments.
- Leoch International: China’s largest lead-acid battery exporter, strengthening its presence in the U.S. and Europe via Leoch Energy. Their products meet Ul 1989 and EN 61056 standards.
- China Mobile Procurement: In the 2025 tender, they require lead-acid batteries to meet GB/T 19638 and IEC 60896 standards. High-power models must pass ≥350-cycle lifespan tests.
5. Risks of Incomplete or Non-Compliant Certifications
If a lead-acid battery manufacturer lacks the necessary product and production certifications, potential consequences include:
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Safety Risks
- Explosion and Fire Hazards: Batteries failing Ul 1989 or IEC 60896 may overheat, catch fire, or explode under extreme conditions.
- Short Circuit Failures: Non-compliant batteries may lack adequate short-circuit protection, provocar thermal runaway.
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Environmental Compliance Issues
- Failure to meet GB/T 42391-2023 (Porcelana) or EN 61056 (Europa) may result in heavy metal leakage y environmental pollution fines.
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Legal and Market Access Barriers
- Import/Export Restrictions: Products without Ceñudo (Europa), Ul (U.S.), or BIS (India) certification face customs rejection or legal action.
- Tender Disqualification: Government and enterprise tenders often require compliance with ISO 9001, Ul, or IEC standards.
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Performance Issues and Financial Losses
- Non-compliant batteries may have poor cycle life, provocar frequent replacements and increased costs.
- Reputation Damage: Companies using substandard batteries risk customer complaints, recalls, and legal claims.
Lead-acid battery buyers must thoroughly assess certification compliance y production standards. Choosing a supplier with complete GB, IEC, Ul, y certificaciones CE asegurar seguridad, fiabilidad, and regulatory compliance, preventing operational risks and financial losses.
Referencias
Standards:
Certificaciones:
- International Organization for Standardization. (2015). ISO 9001: Quality management systems – Requirements. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO.
- International Automotive Task Force. (2016). IATF 16949: Quality management system requirements for automotive production and relevant service parts organizations.