Сертификация свинцовых кислотных батарей & Стандарты производства Полный анализ

Lead-acid батареи, Как важная ветвь традиционной технологии хранения энергии, Требовать надлежащей сертификации квалификации и приверженности стандартам производства для обеспечения безопасности продукта, надежность, и доступ к рынку. We will analyze the Сертификация свинцовых кислотных батарей, differences in production standards, Методы определения соответствия, и реальные примеры, глубокое изучение проблем с пользователями и предоставление решений.

1. Qualification Certification System: Requirements in Major Global Markets

Китай

Mandatory Certification:

• GB 44240-2024: China’s first mandatory national standard for lithium battery safety in energy storage applications (also applicable to lead-acid battery storage scenarios). It covers cell vibration, needle penetration, and forced discharge tests, taking effect on August 1, 2025.

Voluntary Certification:

• CQC Certification: Issued by the China Quality Certification Center, covering standards like GB/T 19638 (for stationary valve-regulated lead-acid batteries) и GB/T 5008 (for starter lead-acid batteries).

Green Product Evaluation:

• GB/T 42391-2023 (“Green Product Evaluation Specifications – Lead-Acid Batteries”): Focuses on environmental indicators and full lifecycle pollution control to promote green industry transformation.

International Certifications

IEC Standards:

• IEC 60896 (stationary valve-regulated batteries)
• IEC 60095 (starter batteries)
  These are internationally recognized standards covering performance and safety testing.

United States:

• UL 1989 (backup battery safety standard)
• UL 1778 (UPS system standard)
  These focus on explosion prevention and thermal runaway protection.

Европа:

• EN 61056 (general battery pack specifications)
• EN 60254 (traction battery standards)
  Compliance with CE certification is required, emphasizing environmental protection and recycling.

Japan and South Korea:

• JIS C 8702 (Japanese Industrial Standard)
• KC 62619 (Korean energy storage battery safety certification)
  These require high-temperature stability and long cycle life.

Other Regions:

• India: BIS certification (IS 1651 standard), ensuring battery capacity and high-temperature endurance.
• Юго -Восточная Азия: Mostly follows IEC standards, with some local adaptations (e.g., Thailand’s TISI certification).

2. Manufacturer Qualification Requirements and Compliance Verification

Core Certifications:

• Quality Management System: Iso 9001 is the basic requirement; some manufacturers need IATF 16949 (automotive industry standard).
• Environmental Permits: Compliance with China’s “Lead-Acid Battery Industry Access Conditions” или Эпэ (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) pollution control requirements.
• Product Certification: CQC (Китай), UL (НАС.), CE (Европа), issued by recognized institutions like Beijing Jianheng Certification Center, TÜV Rheinland, etc.

How to Verify Compliance

• Certification Authority Authenticity: For example, UL certification must be tested by Underwriters Laboratories, и CE certification must be approved by an EU Notified Body.
• Public Verification Platforms: In China, the National Standard Information Public Service Platform allows verification of GB standard compliance.
• Supply Chain Transparency: Reputable companies disclose material suppliers (e.g., electrolyte meeting GB/T 42391-2023 standards).

3. Production Standard Differences and Product Performance

China’s GB Standards:

• GB/T 19638: For stationary valve-regulated batteries, focusing on cycle life (≥350 cycles) and explosion protection.
• GB/T 5008: For starter batteries, emphasizing cold start performance (current output at -18°C).

International Comparisons:

• IEC 60896 vs. UL 1989: IEC focuses on long-term float charge life, while UL prioritizes short-circuit protection and thermal runaway testing.
• EN 61056 vs. JIS C 8702: European standards emphasize recycling and environmental protection, while Japan’s standard strictly limits electrolyte leakage risks.

Impact of Standards on Product Performance:

• High-Temperature Adaptability: IEC 60254-compliant traction batteries operate stably at 55°C, suitable for tropical regions.
• Energy Density: U.S. UL-certified batteries optimize space utilization (e.g., AGM technology), while China’s GB standards prioritize безопасность.

4. Case Studies and Market Trends

• Envision Energy: Expected to receive China’s first GB 44240 certification в 2025. Their energy storage batteries pass 200+ global tests через UL, IEC, KC, and other standards, ranking among the top three in global shipments.
• Leoch International: China’s largest lead-acid battery exporter, strengthening its presence in the U.S. and Europe via Leoch Energy. Their products meet UL 1989 and EN 61056 standards.
• China Mobile Procurement: In the 2025 tender, they require lead-acid batteries to meet GB/T 19638 and IEC 60896 standards. High-power models must pass ≥350-cycle lifespan tests.

5. Risks of Incomplete or Non-Compliant Certifications

If a lead-acid battery manufacturer lacks the necessary product and production certifications, potential consequences include:

1. Safety Risks

   • Explosion and Fire Hazards: Batteries failing UL 1989 or IEC 60896 may overheat, catch fire, or explode under extreme conditions.
   • Short Circuit Failures: Non-compliant batteries may lack adequate short-circuit protection, ведущий к thermal runaway.

2. Environmental Compliance Issues

   • Failure to meet GB/T 42391-2023 (Китай) or EN 61056 (Европа) may result in heavy metal leakage и environmental pollution fines.

3. Legal and Market Access Barriers

   • Import/Export Restrictions: Products without CE (Европа), UL (НАС.), or BIS (India) certification face customs rejection or legal action.
   • Tender Disqualification: Government and enterprise tenders often require compliance with Iso 9001, UL, or IEC standards.

4. Performance Issues and Financial Losses

   • Non-compliant batteries may have poor cycle life, ведущий к frequent replacements and increased costs.
   • Reputation Damage: Companies using substandard batteries risk customer complaints, recalls, and legal claims.

Lead-acid battery buyers must thoroughly assess certification compliance и production standards. Choosing a supplier with complete GB, IEC, UL, и сертификаты CE обеспечивает безопасность, надежность, and regulatory compliance, preventing operational risks and financial losses.

References

Standards:

• China Standards

  • Standardization Administration of China. (2024). GB 44240-2024: Safety standard for energy storage lithium batteries (including lead-acid storage applications). Beijing, Китай: SAC.
  • Standardization Administration of China. (2023). GB/T 42391-2023: Green product evaluation specifications – Lead-acid batteries. Beijing, Китай: SAC.
  • Standardization Administration of China. (2005). GB/T 19638: Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for stationary applications. Beijing, Китай: SAC.
  • Standardization Administration of China. (2016). GB/T 5008: Lead-acid starter batteries for automobiles. Beijing, Китай: SAC.

• International Standards

  • International Electrotechnical Commission. (2014). IEC 60896: Stationary lead-acid batteries – Valve-regulated types. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC.
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. (2021). IEC 60095: Lead-acid starter batteries – General requirements and test methods. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC.
  • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. (2019). EN 61056: General-purpose lead-acid batteries. Brussels, Belgium: CENELEC.
  • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. (2016). EN 60254: Lead-acid traction batteries for industrial applications. Brussels, Belgium: CENELEC.
  • Japanese Industrial Standards Committee. (2021). JIS C 8702: Lead-acid batteries – Performance and safety requirements. Tokyo, Japan: JISC.
  • Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. (2019). KC 62619: Safety requirements for secondary lithium batteries and battery packs. Seoul, South Korea: KATS.
  • Bureau of Indian Standards. (2018). IS 1651: Stationary lead-acid batteries – General requirements and methods of test. New Delhi, India: BIS.

• UL Standards (United States)

  • Underwriters Laboratories. (2021). UL 1989: Standard for standby batteries. Northbrook, IL: UL.
  • Underwriters Laboratories. (2017). UL 1778: Standard for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. Northbrook, IL: UL.

Certifications:

• International Organization for Standardization. (2015). Iso 9001: Quality management systems – Requirements. Geneva, Switzerland: Iso.
• International Automotive Task Force. (2016). IATF 16949: Quality management system requirements for automotive production and relevant service parts organizations.